The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
This paper discusses descriptions of color theory in a series of lapidaries by Nıshābūrı, Tūsı and Kāshānı, written in 1196, ca. 1258 and in 1300, respectively. The texts are almost identical and seem to originate from Nıshābūrı. They describe a color theory that deviates from the Aristotelian account in several ways. They represent one of the first instances in which it is stated explicitly that...
Methodological recommendations common during the last 30 years have not prevented the emergence of views which are arguably no less caricatured and incorrect than was previously the case, even when account is taken of the heavily biased, mainly nationalistic, accounts concerning Lavoisier from the century after 1835. This article considers many of the categories of Lavoisier's achievement in chemistry,...
This paper is devoted to an outline of certain aspects of international scientific cooperation and exchange between Eastern and Western European countries from 1950 to 1989, with an emphasis on mathematics, biochemistry and neuroscience.
When Mary Cholmeley married Henry Fairfax in 1627, she carried to her new home in Yorkshire a leather‐bound notebook filled with medical recipes. Over the next few decades, Mary and Henry, their children and various members of the Fairfax and Cholmeley families continually entered new medical and culinary information into this ‘treasury for health.’ Consequently, as it stands now, the manuscript can...
This article explores the production and consumption of phrenological knowledge for and by middle‐class women in the USA during the early and middle decades of the 19th century. At a time when science itself had few boundaries, women became readers, consumers, proselytizers and practitioners of this knowledge system, outside of a scientific academy. This paper argues that phrenological beliefs about...
Women educators played an essential role in transforming public museums that had been focused on collections and research into effective educational and informational sites that engaged broad publics. Three significant innovators were Delia Griffin of St. Johnsbury Museum in Vermont who emphasized hands‐on learning, Anna Billings Gallup who shaped a distinctive model museum for children in Brooklyn...
The essays in this special issue of Centaurus examine overlooked agents and sites of knowledge production beyond the academy and venues of industry‐ and government‐sponsored research. By using gender as a category of analysis, they uncover scientific practices taking place in locations such as the kitchen, the nursery, and the storefront. Because of historical gendered patterns of exclusion and culturally...
In the early decades of the 20th century, women's access to the historical discipline followed fundamentally two paths. For the first time, some (a small minority) entered the profession as academic historians; others worked outside or on the margins of academia, pursuing their research interests as independent scholars. What did being an independent scholar mean for these women? Was it always a form...
This article examines how four feminists belonging to the broadly defined left‐wing of the Wilhelmine‐era German women's movement – Henriette Fürth, Johanna Elberskirchen, Ruth Bré and Grete Meisel‐Hess – engaged with scientific knowledge to redefine early 20th century understandings of the female sex drive. It contextualizes these authors' efforts to redefine the sex drive within contemporary sex...
This essay illustrates how members of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae (ACA), and most prominently among them Milicent Shinn, a University of California, Berkeley graduate, created an unprecedented network of at‐home scientific observation of infants that spanned the North American continent. Shinn and her female peers were inspired by contemporary scholarly enthusiasm for the physiological and...
The Danish marine biologist Anton Frederik Bruun (1901–1961) is chiefly remembered as an explorer of the deep‐sea fauna and a key figure in international scientific organizations during the 1950s. As the Cold War increasingly permeated the marine sciences and it became too expensive for small states to operate deep‐sea research vessels, he became an asset to the USA's oceanographic establishment as...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.